Indonesia began to implement targeted social assistance programmes for both households and individuals in the aftermath of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The crisis had halted Indonesia’s economic growth and caused a sharp rise in domestic prices—particularly for food items, which led to a rapid and significant increase in poverty. The massive economic and social impacts of the crisis r…
In 2007 the Government of Indonesia launched the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), the first conditional cash transfer programme in Indonesia. The programme seeks to improve the quality of human capital by providing cash transfers conditional on households accessing specified health and education services. The PKH helps to reduce the burden of household/family expenditure for very poor households…