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Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM): Indonesian Cash Transfer Programme for Poor Students
The Government of Indonesia places a high priority on the universal provision of, and access to, education. Universal education is
considered a cornerstone for future economic development and shared prosperity. Over the past decade, the Government of Indonesia
has introduced a number of major reforms to make universal education a reality. In 2003, the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC)
and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA) began implementing the Nine-Year Compulsory Basic Education Programme (Wajib Belajar
Sembilan Tahun) with the aim of encouraging school-age children to complete junior secondary education. In 2005, a school-based
education subsidy programme known as School Operational Assistance (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah—BOS) was introduced to provide
grants directly to primary and junior secondary schools on a per student basis. The BOS grants were designed to cover direct educational
costs but not indirect costs associated with education (i.e. transportation costs, uniforms etc.), which are recognised as being a major
barrier to access for lower-income households.
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