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Social Protection For School-Aged Children Post COVID-19 Reforms: PIP-PKH Integration1 and Graduation Incentives
Indonesia has made remarkable progress in meeting the target to provide 12 years of basic education for all over the decade to 2020. The gross enrolment ratio (GER) at junior secondary and senior secondary level increased from 81.1 per cent in 2009 to 90.6 per cent in 2019 and from 62.4 per cent in 2009 to 84.0 per cent in 2019 respectively (Susenas 2009, 2019). This achievement shows that more school-aged children in Indonesia now have better access to education facilities and services, along with increased investment and improved education quality. As of 2019, there are a total of 55.6 million individuals 7 to 18 years of age, of whom around 51 million (91 per cent) are in school. Some 52 per cent of the age cohort are in SD-MI (Elementary Schools), 22 per cent are in SMP-MTs (Junior Secondary Schools), and 17 per cent are in SMA-SMKMA (Senior Secondary Schools) (Table 1).
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